
The practice of framing artworks with wooden borders first appeared in Italian art around the 13th century. These early paintings were typically religious and were built directly into the architecture of churches. The frames were usually styled after the mouldings that adorned doors and windows. Today, the term moulding refers to the wood from which the frame is constructed. A tray frame is a good option for a canvas or board, while a box frame is a deeper frame with a fillet that creates a space between the glass and the artwork. A floating frame is a variation of the box frame, where the artwork sits on a smaller piece of mount board and appears to float.
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What You'll Learn

Moulding
Today, there are many options for moulding styles and materials. Hand-stained woods or those with a satin finish are ideal for a contemporary look. Classical oil paintings are often enhanced by ornate, gold-leaf mouldings, while lacquered frames suit graphic pieces. Thinner mouldings are currently fashionable.
When selecting a moulding for a painting, it is important to consider the artwork itself. The colour of the moulding and mount should match the artwork, rather than the surrounding decor. For works on paper, mounting is required before glazing, and the size of the mount border is a matter of personal preference.
In addition to the visual aspects, there are practical considerations when choosing a moulding. For larger or heavier works, strap hangers with multiple screw holes may be necessary. Some galleries prefer mirror plates, which are small metal fixings that allow the frame to sit flush with the wall and be screwed in place.
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Burl
When creating a frame with burl veneer, it is important to consider the direction of the grain. The grain pattern of burl can be quite intricate, so careful cutting and placement of the veneer pieces are necessary to achieve a harmonious composition. The natural beauty of burl is often highlighted through the use of stains, finishes, or other decorative techniques.
While burl veneer is commonly used for picture frames, it is also applied to furniture, cabinets, and other decorative items. Its unique appearance and relatively limited availability make it a desirable choice for adding a touch of luxury and individuality to any piece.
In summary, burl is a type of wood veneer that is highly valued for its distinct growth patterns and aesthetic appeal. Its application in picture frames, as well as other decorative arts, adds a level of sophistication and uniqueness that is sought after by many.
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Glazing
Glass glazing is typically less expensive and more scratch-resistant than acrylic. It also does not have the static charge that can attract dust. However, glass is heavier and more prone to breakage, which can be a significant issue during shipping. Glass thicknesses typically range from 1.8 to 2.5 millimetres, with light transmission of approximately 90%, absorption of 2%, and reflection of about 8%. Low-iron glass, or water white glass, offers improved light transmission of about 91.5% and reduced reflection of 8%, due to its lower absorption of around 0.5%.
Acrylic glazing, on the other hand, is shatter-resistant, safer to transport, and does not transfer heat and moisture to the artwork. It is a popular choice for larger, oversized works of art as it is lightweight. Acrylic is also preferred by some museums as it is less likely to break and damage original artwork. However, acrylic sheets scratch more easily and require cleaning with a soft, non-abrasive cloth. They also have a static charge that can be problematic when framing pastels or charcoals.
To address the issue of scratching in acrylic glazing, manufacturers have introduced anti-static coatings. Additionally, both glass and acrylic can be treated with anti-reflective coatings to reduce light reflection, which causes glare. UV-protective glazing is also available, filtering out up to 99% of ultraviolet rays that can cause colours in artwork to fade and paper to yellow over time. This type of glaze is especially recommended for framing precious artwork, light-sensitive art, or when hanging the frame in a location with abundant natural light.
When deciding whether to use glass or acrylic glazing, it is important to consider the size of the framed print, the fragility of the artwork, and the desired level of protection and clarity. While glass may be more commonly used by frame shops, many recommend acrylic for larger frames due to its shatter-resistant properties. For canvas prints, glazing is typically not used, and in some cases, such as with a canvas floater frame, it cannot be ordered.
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Mounting
When selecting a mount, it is crucial to consider the size of the border. The width of the mount border is a matter of personal preference and can vary depending on the artwork and the desired aesthetic. A thicker mount border can provide a more dramatic effect, while a thinner border may be preferred for a more subtle approach.
The colour of the mount is another critical factor. It is generally recommended to match the mount colour to the artwork rather than the surrounding décor. This helps to create a cohesive and balanced composition. For example, a classical oil painting may be complemented by an ornate gold-leaf mount, while a thinner, simpler mount might suit a more contemporary piece.
In addition to aesthetic considerations, the choice of mount can also be influenced by practical concerns. For instance, works on paper typically require mounting before glazing to provide support and protection for the artwork. This is especially important for delicate pieces that may be susceptible to damage over time.
The type of artwork and the desired display method will also influence mounting choices. For instance, a tray frame, which sits level with the surface of the artwork, can be a good option for a canvas or board as it eliminates the need for glazing. On the other hand, a box frame creates a space between the artwork and the glass, which can be beneficial for three-dimensional pieces or those that require additional protection.
Ultimately, the process of mounting artwork involves careful consideration of both aesthetic and functional factors. By selecting the appropriate mount, one can enhance the overall presentation of the artwork and ensure its preservation for years to come.
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Frame styles
When it comes to choosing a frame for a painting, there are a variety of styles, shapes, and materials to consider. The type of frame chosen can either complement or enhance the artwork.
The style of the frame can be chosen to complement the artwork's composition, style, and intent. For instance, simple frames with slim profiles and neutral colours are often used for detailed drawings and illustrations, as they help keep the focus on intricate linework. Conversely, wide, embellished frames can be used to balance rich textures or bold compositions.
For a contemporary aesthetic, floating frames are a popular choice. This style consists of two parts: the canvas is stretched over wooden stretcher bars, and then a custom-made outer wooden frame is built. The gap between the canvas and the frame creates the illusion of the painting "floating" within the frame.
Gallery wrap frames are another contemporary choice, where the canvas is stretched and secured to the back of the wooden frame, so that the painting continues on all sides of the frame.
For a minimalist look, metal frames are a good option. These can be made from anodized aluminium and paired with archival-quality, acid-free foam board and black paper mat. The outer frame can also be made from wood or MDF.
Frame Shapes
The shape of the frame can also be chosen to complement the artwork. Rectangular frames are popular and provide a balanced structure for horizontal or vertical compositions. Square frames are great for creating a balanced, modern feel that emphasizes symmetry. Oval frames are ideal for portraits, vintage art, or creating a romantic feel, while circular frames can add a sense of whimsy and are great for showcasing miniature paintings or embroidery.
Frame Materials
Frames come in a variety of materials, including wood, metal, and glass. Natural wood frames add warmth and complement both traditional and contemporary art styles. Metal frames in silver and chrome pair well with cool-toned graphite drawings and monochromatic pieces, while gold frames complement work with a warm palette.
For works on paper, glazing (a transparent protective layer) is required, but paintings on canvas and panel usually are not. However, varnishing is a technique used for many oil and acrylic paintings to provide a protective layer against dust, dirt, and environmental damage.
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Frequently asked questions
The frame that painters paint on is called a canvas frame.
Some other types of frames include tray frames, box frames, and floating frames.
Frames are typically made of wood, but can also be made of gold leaf, composite substances, or glass.











































