Marcus Chen
There are differing opinions on whether the title of a painting should be italicized or enclosed in quotation marks. Some sources suggest that the title of a painting should be italicized, while others recommend using quotation marks. For example, the Chicago Manual of Style advises that titles of paintings, drawings, photographs, and other works of art are typically italicized. On the other hand, some British publications, such as *The Telegraph* and *The Independent*, write the titles of paintings without using either italics or quotation marks. Ultimately, the choice between using italics or quotation marks may depend on the specific style guide or publication's preferences.
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What You'll Learn
Titles of paintings are often italicized
When it comes to referencing titles of paintings, different style guides offer varying recommendations. While some sources suggest that titles of paintings are typically italicized, others indicate that quotation marks or underlining can also be used.
The Chicago Manual of Style, as referenced in an article from Daily Writing Tips, advises that titles of paintings, drawings, photographs, statues, and other works of art should be italicized. This includes cases where the titles are original, added by someone other than the artist, or translated. For example, the article mentions that titles like "Kindred Spirits" (an oil painting) and "Rose and Driftwood" (a photograph by Ansel Adams) should be italicized. This style guide also distinguishes between major works of art and certain monumental sculptures, recommending that the latter be presented in roman type.
Additionally, the Editorial Style Guide of the Minneapolis College of Art and Design (MCAD) specifically mentions that artwork titles are italicized and do not use quotation marks. For instance, in their example, the painting "Stripped" by Michael Kareken is presented as "Michael Kareken's painting Stripped."
On the other hand, some publications and style guides deviate from this approach. In an analysis of several British and American publications, Daily Writing Tips observed varying practices. Two British publications, The Telegraph and The Independent, wrote the titles of artworks without using either italics or quotation marks. In contrast, four American publications enclosed the titles in quotation marks, and only one italicized the titles, including works from antiquity.
It is worth noting that the AP style, often used in newspapers and blogs, recommends the use of quotation marks for titles of individual artworks, as mentioned in the same Daily Writing Tips article.
While there is no universal consensus, the practice of italicizing titles of paintings and other works of art appears to be prevalent in academic and artistic contexts, as exemplified by the Chicago Manual of Style and the MCAD style guide. However, in journalistic writing, the use of quotation marks or even presenting the title without any punctuation can also be observed.
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Quotation marks are used for titles of exhibitions
The use of quotation marks or italics in titles depends on the style guide being followed. For example, the MCAD Editorial Style Guide states that ampersands, plus signs, quotation marks, and italicization are not used in official course titles. The guide also mentions that italics, underlines, and quotation marks are not used for the names of galleries, museums, festivals, conferences, colleges, restaurants, and hotels.
However, according to the Huffington Post, quotation marks are recommended for titles of exhibitions and individual artworks in AP style, which is the preferred style for newspapers and blogs.
Some British publications write the titles of artworks without italics or quotation marks, while some American publications enclose the titles in quotation marks, and others italicize them.
It is worth noting that titles of photographs and paintings are now treated similarly, with both being set in italics. Individual works of art, such as paintings and sculptures, are usually underlined or italicized.
Overall, while there is no definitive rule, it is generally recommended to use either quotation marks or italics for titles, but not both in the same title.
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Published collections are italicized or underlined
When it comes to referencing published collections, there are a few different style guides that offer guidance. According to one style guide, published collections, such as books of poetry, should be italicized or underlined. For example, if you are referring to a collection of poems, you would italicize or underline the title of the book. On the other hand, if you are referring to a specific poem within that collection, you would use quotation marks around the poem's title. This is similar to how you would treat a song within an album.
Another style guide, The Chicago Manual of Style, suggests that titles of paintings, drawings, photographs, statues, and other works of art are typically italicized. This includes both original titles given by the artist and titles added by someone else. However, it is important to note that some publications and style guides may have their own preferences. For instance, some British publications mentioned in an article on Daily Writing Tips write the titles of artworks without using italics or quotation marks. In contrast, American publications tend to enclose the titles in quotation marks or italicize them.
Additionally, it is worth noting that, according to the same article, AP style, which is commonly used in newspapers and blogs, recommends the use of quotation marks for titles of exhibitions and individual artworks. However, this may vary depending on the specific publication or style guide being followed.
Overall, it seems that the most common practice is to italicize or underline the titles of published collections, such as books or albums, and to use quotation marks for individual entries within those collections, such as poems, songs, or artworks. However, it is always important to consult the specific style guide or publication requirements to ensure consistency and adherence to their preferred formatting.
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Individual works of art are underlined or italicized
When referring to individual works of art, such as paintings and sculptures, there are different schools of thought on whether to use italics, quotation marks, or neither.
Some style guides, like the Chicago Manual of Style, recommend italicizing the titles of paintings, drawings, photographs, and other works of art, regardless of whether the titles are original or added by someone other than the artist. This is also the style adopted by the Minneapolis College of Art and Design, which does not use italics, underlines, or quotation marks for the names of galleries, museums, or colleges but does use them for titles of artworks.
Other publications, particularly British ones, write the titles of artworks without italics or quotation marks. For example, The Telegraph, a British newspaper, does not use italics or quotation marks when referring to a painting entitled "The Strawberry Girl."
However, some American publications do enclose the titles of artworks in quotation marks. For example, the Huffington Post uses quotation marks for titles of exhibitions and individual artworks, and Henry K. Long, AP, recommends quotation marks for all titles of artworks.
Additionally, some sources suggest that it is generally acceptable to use either italics or quotation marks, but not both, when referring to titles of artworks. This flexibility allows writers to choose the style that best suits their preferences or the specific context in which the artwork is being discussed.
It is worth noting that there are exceptions to these guidelines. For instance, untitled works are typically written in lowercase without italics or quotation marks. However, if an untitled work includes a descriptor in parentheses, it is treated as a titled work, and the descriptor is italicized or placed in quotation marks.
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Major works of art are generally italicized
When it comes to punctuating the titles of artistic works, there is some variation in style depending on the specific publication or style guide being referenced. However, a common convention is to italicize major works of art, including paintings, sculptures, drawings, photographs, and statues. This is supported by sources citing The Chicago Manual of Style and an editorial style guide from the Minneapolis College of Art and Design (MCAD).
According to The Chicago Manual of Style, titles of paintings, drawings, photographs, statues, and other works of art are typically italicized, regardless of whether the titles are original, added by someone other than the artist, or translated. For example, one would italicize the titles of Kindred Spirits (an oil painting), Shore Lunch (a non-monumental sculpture), and Rose and Driftwood (a photograph by Ansel Adams).
The MCAD editorial style guide also specifies that artwork titles are italicized and do not use quotation marks. For instance, the painting Stripped by Michael Kareken would be referred to as Michael Kareken’s painting Stripped.
However, it is important to note that there are exceptions to this rule. Some massive works of sculpture that are regarded primarily as monuments are not italicized and are instead written in roman type. Examples include the Venus de Milo (a work of antiquity) and the Statue of Liberty (a monumental sculpture).
Additionally, while many American publications tend to enclose art titles in quotation marks, some British publications write the titles without italics or quotation marks. For example, The Telegraph (a British publication) mentions the painting The Strawberry Girl without using italics or quotation marks.
It is always a good idea to consult the specific style guide or publication standards being followed to ensure consistent and accurate formatting when referring to works of art.
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Frequently asked questions
The titles of paintings are generally italicized. Some style guides recommend using quotation marks, but this is less common.
Yes, it can matter depending on the style guide or publication you are following. For example, AP style recommends using quotation marks for titles of individual artworks. Meanwhile, The Chicago Manual of Style and other style guides recommend using italics.
Yes, there are a few exceptions. Titles of works from antiquity, whose creators are often unknown, are usually set in roman type. Additionally, some massive works of sculpture that are regarded primarily as monuments are not italicized.
The style guide you follow will depend on the publication or organization you are writing for. For example, the Minneapolis College of Art and Design's (MCAD) editorial style guide specifies that artwork titles are italicized and do not use quotation marks. If you are writing for a publication, you can check their style guide or ask an editor for guidance.
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