Isabella Flores
When citing a painting in Chicago style, the title of the artwork is italicized. The general format for citing a painting in Chicago style is as follows: artist's name (first name then last name), title of the artwork in italics, creation date, repository name (including city and state), publication information, and figure or plate number. For example, the citation for Vincent van Gogh's The Starry Night in Chicago style is: Vincent van Gogh, *The Starry Night*, 1889, oil on canvas, 29 in. x 36 ¼ in., Museum of Modern Art, New York. If the painting appears in a published source, such as a book or magazine, the publication information is included in place of the repository or location. Additionally, when citing images in Chicago style, they are typically referred to as figures and are labeled as such (e.g., Fig. 1, Fig. 2, etc.).
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Artist's name | First name followed by last name |
| Title of artwork | Italicize titles of paintings and sculptures but set all other titles in quotation marks |
| Creation date | Include the year |
| Repository name | Include the city and state |
| Title of the online site | Include the title of the website where the image was found |
| Format type | Include the format type, e.g. JPG |
| URL | Include the URL of the image |
| Access date | Include the date the website was accessed, in parentheses |
| Image ID number | Include the image ID number, if applicable |
| Copyright information | Include copyright information if the image is being reproduced publicly |
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What You'll Learn
Italicise titles of paintings and sculptures
When following Chicago style guidelines for referencing artwork, it is important to italicise the titles of paintings and sculptures. This is a specific rule within the broader style guide, which also encompasses the referencing of books, maps, images, and other sources.
The Chicago Manual of Style provides clear instructions for citing artwork, which typically involves including the artist's name, the title of the artwork, the date of creation, and information about the medium and location of the piece. The title of the artwork is a key element in this structure and should be presented in italics. For example:
> Dalí, Salvador. *The Persistence of Memory*. 1931. Oil on canvas, 9½ x 13 in. (24.1 x 33 cm). Museum of Modern Art, New York.
Italicising the title of the artwork distinguishes it from other elements of the reference and ensures consistency with broader Chicago style guidelines for emphasising titles.
It is worth noting that when an image or artwork is reproduced from a published source, such as a book or magazine, the publication information takes the place of the repository or location details. In such cases, the general format for referencing artwork may be adjusted accordingly.
By adhering to these guidelines and italicising the titles of paintings and sculptures, writers and researchers can ensure their references are clear, consistent, and aligned with the Chicago style conventions.
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Set other titles in quotation marks
When following the Chicago Manual of Style, titles of paintings are italicized. However, other titles should be set in Roman type with "quotation marks". This includes titles of subsections of larger works, such as chapter titles, article titles, and poem titles in a collection.
For example, when citing a painting, you would italicize the title of the artwork:
> O’Keeffe, Georgia. *The Cliff Chimneys*. 1938, in Barbara Buhler Lyens, *Georgia O’Keeffe and New Mexico: A Sense of Place* (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004), 25.
However, if the artwork is reproduced in a book, magazine, or other published source, the title of the published source would be in quotation marks:
> O’Keeffe, Georgia. The Cliff Chimneys. 1938, in "Georgia O’Keeffe and New Mexico: A Sense of Place", Barbara Buhler Lyens (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004), 25.
Similarly, when citing a book title within a book title, you would put the whole title in italics and add quotation marks. For example:
> Kaplan, Alice. *En quête de* “*L’Étranger*.” Translated by Patrick Hersant. Paris: Gallimard, 2016.
It is important to note that some languages, such as French, Spanish, German, and others, may use different types of quotation marks or guillemets for titles within titles. However, these can be converted to English-style quotation marks.
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Include the artist's name (first then last)
When formatting a publication title for a painting in Chicago style, it is important to include the artist's name, with their first name followed by their last name. This is a crucial element of the citation, ensuring proper credit and acknowledgment of the artist's work. Here are some examples of how to structure the artist's name in the publication title:
Artist’s name (first then last)
- Mark Rothko, Orange and Red on Red, 1957, The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC, Artstor.Database, JPG, http://www.artstor.org (accessed May 20, 2008)
- Georgia O’Keeffe, The Cliff Chimneys, 1938, in Barbara Buhler Lyens, Georgia O’Keeffe and New Mexico: A Sense of Place (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004), 25
Artist's First Name Last Name
- 18. Vincent van Gogh, The Starry Night, 1889, oil on canvas, 29 in. x 36 ¼ in., Museum of Modern Art, New York
- 1. Salvador Dalí, The Persistence of Memory, 1931, oil on canvas, 9½ x 13 in. (24.1 x 33 cm), Museum of Modern Art, New York, https://www.moma.org/collection/works/79018
Artist's Last Name, First Name
- Michelangelo Buonarroti, The Slave, 1513–1515, marble, 2.09 m, Paris, The Louvre
- Willem de Kooning, Pink Angels, 1945, oil and charcoal on canvas, 52 x 40 in, Frederick R. Los Angeles, Weisman Art Foundation
It is worth noting that the Chicago Manual of Style recommends italicizing the titles of paintings and sculptures, while setting the titles of other works of art, such as photographs or illustrations, in quotation marks. Additionally, if the artwork appears in a published source, such as a book or magazine, the publication information should be included in place of the repository or location details.
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Provide the creation date
When creating a citation for a painting in Chicago style, the creation date should be included. This is the date the artwork was completed.
The date of creation is included in Chicago style citations to help identify the work and provide context for the reader. It is a key piece of information that assists in the accurate referencing of the artwork.
The creation date is usually placed after the title of the artwork and is presented in numerical form, with the year, and sometimes the day and month. For example:
> Yuri Beletsky, Three Planets Dance over La Silla, June 3, 2013, photograph, European Southern Observatory, https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw1322a/
Here, the creation date is "June 3, 2013". Alternatively, you can simply provide the year:
> Vincent van Gogh, The Starry Night, 1889, oil on canvas, 29 in. x 36 ¼ in., Museum of Modern Art, New York
In this example, the creation date is "1889".
The placement of the creation date may vary depending on the specific style of Chicago referencing used, such as the notes-bibliography style or the author-date style. However, regardless of the style, the creation date remains an essential component of the citation, providing valuable information about the artwork in question.
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Add the repository name (city and state)
When formatting citations in Chicago style, it is important to include the repository name and its location, which includes the city and state. This is true for both in-text citations and bibliography entries.
For example, if you are citing a painting, you would include the artist's name, the title of the artwork in italics, the creation date, and the repository name and its location. Here is an example:
"Rothko, Mark. Orange and Red on Red. 1957, The Phillips Collection, Washington DC."
In this example, "The Phillips Collection" is the repository name, and "Washington DC" is the city and state.
If you are citing a published source, such as a book or magazine, you would provide the publication information in place of the repository or location. For example:
"O’Keeffe, Georgia. The Cliff Chimneys, 1938, in Lyens, Barbara Buhler. Georgia O’Keeffe and New Mexico: A Sense of Place (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004), 25."
In this case, the book title is "Georgia O'Keeffe and New Mexico: A Sense of Place," the publisher is "Princeton University Press," and the publication location is "Princeton."
It is worth noting that when citing a well-known city, such as New York or Washington, DC, you can simply use the city name without including the state. However, for less obvious locations, it is helpful to include the state to provide clarity.
Additionally, when citing archival materials, the Chicago style guide recommends providing detailed information, including the collection name, repository name, and location. This information can be included in footnotes, endnotes, or a separate bibliography at the end of your paper.
"Weatherwax, John M. Typescript of short story “Red Shoes”, n.d., John M. Weatherwax Collection. Gerth Archives and Special Collections, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA."
In this example, the repository name is "Gerth Archives and Special Collections," and the location includes the city ("Carson") and state ("CA" for California).
Remember to consult the Chicago Manual of Style or online guides for specific instructions and variations in formatting based on the type of source you are citing.
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Frequently asked questions
The Chicago Manual of Style lists the following format for citing a painting:
Artist’s name (last name, first name), Title of Artwork (italicized), Date of creation, Medium and support, Repository name (including city and state).
If the painting appears in a published source (e.g. a book or magazine), replace the repository information with the publication details. The format would then be:
Artist’s name, Title of Artwork (italicized), Date of creation, Title of publication, Publisher information, Date, Page, Figure or plate number.
It is best to include as much information as possible when citing a painting in Chicago Style. However, if certain details are unknown, simply omit them from the citation.
The title of a painting should be italicized. If the artwork does not have a title, provide a brief description (not italicized).
In Chicago Style, the citation information for a painting can be included in a caption below the image or within the text. It is not typically included in a footnote or bibliography.
