Priya Kapoor
There are differing opinions on whether famous paintings should be underlined or placed in quotation marks. Some sources suggest that the titles of paintings should be italicized, which is the convention for longer works, while others argue for the use of quotation marks, which are typically used for shorter works. This inconsistency may be due to different style guides or personal preferences. Ultimately, the choice between underlining or using quotation marks for famous paintings may depend on the specific context, style guide being followed, or the writer's discretion.
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What You'll Learn
Quotation marks for short works
The use of quotation marks and italics in titles depends on the type of work and its length. Quotation marks are generally used for short works, while italics are used for longer works.
Quotation marks are used for titles of short works such as articles, essays, poems, short stories, songs, chapters, lectures, and episodes of serial works like TV shows or podcasts. They are also used for names of sections or parts in larger works and short-form videos, like those on YouTube. Quotation marks are typically used to indicate the titles of creative works, highlight specific terms or phrases, and emphasise tone. They are also used for direct quotes or passages copied verbatim from another source.
The AP (Associated Press) style and the Chicago style have different guidelines for quotation marks in titles. The AP style uses quotation marks for creative works like books, songs, and TV shows. The Chicago style uses quotation marks for shorter works, such as poems, articles, and chapters, and italics for longer works like books and periodicals.
It is important to note that the rules for using quotation marks and italics in titles may vary depending on the style guide being followed, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago style. For example, the APA format uses quotation marks for all types of work, while MLA and Chicago styles use a combination of quotation marks and italics depending on the length of the work.
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Italics for longer works
When writing about famous paintings, it is generally recommended to italicize their titles. This is because paintings are considered longer works or major works of art, and titles of longer works are typically italicized.
The use of italics for longer works is a widely accepted convention in writing. Longer works refer to standalone or complete bodies of work that are typically published on their own. This includes books, movies, plays, TV shows, music albums, periodicals (magazines, newspapers), and classic artworks like paintings and sculptures.
For example, the painting "The Last Judgement" by Michelangelo is italicized as it is a renowned work of art. Similarly, the title of the painting "The Starry Night" by Vincent van Gogh would be italicized.
Italics are used to distinguish the titles of these longer works from the surrounding text and give them a sense of importance. It helps to set them apart and indicate their significance within the context of the writing.
Quotation Marks for Shorter Works
In contrast to longer works, shorter works or parts of a larger whole are typically placed in quotation marks. This includes articles, essays, poems, songs, chapters, episodes of TV shows, and short stories.
For example, "The Starry Night" could be a chapter title in a book about van Gogh's paintings, which would be placed in quotation marks because it is a shorter work within a larger whole.
Style Guides and Consistency
It is important to note that the use of italics and quotation marks can vary depending on the specific style guide being followed, such as MLA, APA, or Chicago style. However, the general rule of thumb is that longer works are italicized, while shorter works are placed in quotation marks.
Consistency is crucial in emphasizing titles. Writers should follow the chosen style guide's conventions consistently throughout their work to ensure a professional and polished appearance.
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No punctuation for certain titles
When it comes to punctuating titles, there are a few different styles that can be used, and it can depend on the specific style guide you are following. Here is some information specifically about not using punctuation for certain titles:
Some style guides suggest that titles of shorter works, such as articles, poems, songs, and essays, should be placed in quotation marks, while titles of longer works, such as books, movies, and periodicals, should be italicized. This distinction between shorter and longer works is a general rule of thumb, but it is not always clear-cut.
In certain cases, it is acceptable or even preferred to leave the titles of works unpunctuated. For example, some publications, particularly British ones, write the titles of artworks without italics or quotation marks. In these cases, the title is simply capitalised and left without any additional punctuation. This approach may be taken to avoid cluttering the text with excessive punctuation or to maintain a consistent style throughout the publication.
Additionally, when following the APA format, quotation marks are used for all types of work, but they are notably not used in the reference list for articles and chapters. This selective use of punctuation provides clarity and consistency in academic writing.
It is worth noting that the rules for punctuating titles can vary depending on the specific style guide being used, such as MLA, APA, or Chicago. These style guides may have their own specific recommendations for how to handle titles of different types of works, including artworks.
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Referencing formats
There are several different referencing formats that dictate whether something should be italicized or placed within quotation marks. The most common formats are APA, MLA, and Chicago.
APA
The APA format uses quotation marks for all types of work. However, it does not use quotation marks in the reference list for articles and chapters.
MLA
The MLA format uses quotation marks for short works, such as articles, poems, songs, essays, and short stories. It uses italics for larger works, such as books, movies, and periodicals.
Chicago
The Chicago Manual of Style states that titles of paintings, drawings, photographs, statues, and other works of art should be italicized, whether the titles are original, added by someone other than the artist, or translated. Major works of art are generally italicized, while some massive works of sculpture are regarded primarily as monuments and are therefore not italicized. For example, the Venus de Milo and the Statue of Liberty are written in roman type.
Other Sources
Some sources state that titles of famous paintings should be italicized, while others state that they should be placed within quotation marks. One source mentions that it is generally acceptable to use either format, but not both. Another source states that published collections should be italicized or underlined, while individual entries should be placed within quotation marks.
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Style guides
The use of underlining or quotation marks in titles depends on the style guide being followed.
The Chicago Manual of Style
According to The Chicago Manual of Style, titles of paintings, drawings, photographs, statues, and other works of art are italicized, whether the titles are original, added by someone other than the artist, or translated. For example, Kindred Spirits (oil painting), Shore Lunch (non-monumental sculpture), and Rose and Driftwood (Ansel Adams photo) should be italicized.
The Modern Language Association (MLA) Style
The MLA style is commonly used for research papers and essays in the humanities. It suggests that titles of larger works, such as books, are italicized or underlined, while titles of shorter works, such as chapters, are put into quotation marks. Therefore, in MLA style, famous painting titles would be underlined or italicized.
APA Style
The APA style uses quotation marks for titles of all types of works. This includes articles, poems, songs, essays, short stories, books, movies, and periodicals. Thus, in APA style, famous painting titles would be enclosed in quotation marks.
General Rule
The general rule for titles is to use quotation marks for short works such as articles, poems, songs, essays, or short stories, and to use italics for larger works such as books, movies, and periodicals. Therefore, by following this general rule, famous painting titles would be italicized.
It is important to note that the use of underlining and quotation marks in titles can vary depending on the specific style guide being followed and the individual publication's preferences. Some British publications, for example, write titles without italics or quotation marks. As such, it is always advisable to consult the specific style guide or publication guidelines for the correct formatting.
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Frequently asked questions
Famous paintings and other works of art are generally italicized. However, some sources suggest that quotation marks can be used as well.
Works of antiquity, whose creators are often unknown, are usually written in plain roman type.
If the title of the painting is on a plaque, it may be better to use quotation marks. If the painting is mentioned in a book, it should be written in plain text with no quotation marks or italics.
Yes, some publications write the titles of paintings without any italics or quotation marks.
Generally, titles of shorter works are written in quotation marks, and titles of longer works are italicized.
