Elena Rossi
The American Quarter Horse Association (AQHA) has a special registry system for Quarter Horse-Thoroughbred crosses called the Appendix registry. This registry was created in 1949 when the American Quarter Racing and the National Quarter Horse Breeders associations merged. To be registered in the AQHA's appendix, a horse must have one Quarter Horse parent and one Thoroughbred or Appendix Quarter Horse parent. While the American Appendix Horse Association (AAHA) allows breeding-stock Paints in their registry, the AQHA does not.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Definition | A cross between a Thoroughbred or an Appendix Quarter Horse with an American Quarter Horse or an American Paint Horse or an Appendix Quarter Horse. |
| Origin | The term 'appendix' comes from the Latin word meaning 'to append' or 'to add on'. The Appendix registry was created when the American Quarter Racing and the National Quarter Horse Breeders associations merged in 1949. |
| Registration | To be registered with the American Quarter Horse Association (AQHA), an Appendix Quarter Horse must have one registered Quarter Horse parent and one registered Thoroughbred parent. It is also acceptable for one parent to be an Appendix Quarter Horse and the other to be a Quarter Horse with a permanent registration number. |
| Appearance | Due to the varying amounts of Thoroughbred blood, Appendix Quarter Horses can have different body types. Some may be taller, leaner, and more long-legged, while others may be shorter, more muscular, and have more Quarter Horse blood. |
| Temperament | Some people believe the steady mind and personality come from the Quarter Horse parent, while others attribute the intelligence and good disposition to the Thoroughbred side. |
| Competitions | Appendix horses are allowed to compete in AQHA-sanctioned events and can be recognised with a Register of Merit for superior performance. |
| Advancement | The process of moving from an Appendix horse to a new registration is outlined in the AQHA handbook, and the association allows outstanding horses to advance to Tentative registration without inspection for conformation. |
| Dual Registration | Some Appendix Quarter Horses are dually registered with both the AQHA and the American Appendix Horse Association (AAHA). The AAHA allows breeding-stock Paints in their registry, but the AQHA does not. |
| Coat Colour | The AQHA does not register Appendix horses with pinto coloration, but the AAHA does as long as there is Thoroughbred blood. |
| Outcrosses | Thoroughbreds have been accepted as outcrosses by the AQHA since the beginning of the breed. However, the AQHA has never accepted APHA horses as outcrosses. |
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What You'll Learn
The American Quarter Horse Association (AQHA) and its registration rules
The American Quarter Horse Association (AQHA) has specific registration rules for Appendix Quarter Horses. The Appendix Quarter Horse is a subtype of the Appendix Horse breed, which is a cross between a Thoroughbred or an Appendix Quarter Horse and an American Quarter Horse or an American Paint Horse.
The AQHA's appendix registry was created in 1949 when the American Quarter Racing and the National Quarter Horse Breeders associations merged. It is a separate registry "added to" the AQHA's main registry, intended as a catchall for horses previously registered with the two merged groups. To be registered with the AQHA, an Appendix Quarter Horse must have one registered Quarter Horse parent and one registered Thoroughbred parent. Alternatively, one parent can be an Appendix Quarter Horse (with an "X" in front of its registration number), and the other a Quarter Horse with a permanent registration number.
The Appendix registry was created to maintain the "'purity'" of the breed while allowing for Thoroughbred crosses, which were popular at the time to improve the stamina of Quarter Horses. Horses in the Appendix registry were allowed to compete in AQHA-sanctioned events and were given the name "Appendix Quarter Horses".
Over time, the rules for advancing from the Appendix registry to the main registry changed. Initially, Appendix horses had to pass an inspection for conformation to receive Tentative registration. Tentative stallions could become Permanently registered when 12 of their offspring received Tentative status, while mares required three. However, due to confusion, the rules were changed, and by 1962, the Appendix registry was abandoned, with foals of registered parents eligible for registration at birth.
It is important to note that the AQHA does not accept Paint Horses as an outcross, and Appendix Quarter Horses with pinto coloration cannot be registered with the AQHA. However, the American Appendix Horse Association (AAHA) does accept breeding-stock Paints in its registry and allows Appendix horses with pinto coloration, provided there is Thoroughbred blood.
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The American Appendix Horse Association (AAHA) and its registration rules
The American Appendix Horse Association (AAHA) is an independent registry for Appendix Quarter Horses, established in 2003. The association allows breeding-stock Paints in its registry, as well as Appendix horses with only one registered parent, provided they meet conformation requirements. The AAHA also registers foals that are the result of breeding two Appendix Quarter Horses.
In contrast to the AQHA, the AAHA registers Appendix horses with pinto coloration, as long as there is Thoroughbred in their bloodlines. The AAHA's registration rules are more inclusive than those of the AQHA, which does not accept breeding-stock Paints or Appendix horses with pinto coloration.
The history of the Appendix registry is a little confusing. It was created in 1949 when the American Quarter Racing and the National Quarter Horse Breeders associations merged. The Appendix registry was intended as a catchall for horses formerly registered with those groups, but it was not an actual AQHA registration. Instead, it was for identification purposes, and Appendix horses were issued papers by the AQHA.
Over time, the rules around registration and advancement from Appendix to Tentative status changed. Initially, Appendix horses could advance to Tentative status by passing an inspection for conformation or by qualifying for the Register of Merit. However, due to confusion and the large number of Appendix horses, there were proposals to limit new registrations to foals whose parents were already registered, effectively stopping Thoroughbred outcrosses.
In 1957, a compromise was reached, and in 1958, the first phase of a new registration system was implemented, with the second phase beginning in 1962. During the first phase, Appendix horses could still advance to Tentative status by qualifying for the Register of Merit or passing inspection. In the second phase, the Appendix registry would be abandoned, and foals of registered parents would be eligible for registration at birth.
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The Paint Horse Association (PHAA) and its registration rules
The Paint Horse Association (PHAA) is an organisation that registers horses based on their phenotype, including Overo, Tobiano, Tobero, and Solid patterns. Additional coat patterns like Splashed White and Sabino are also recognised and can be displayed on registration certificates with proof of genetic testing.
PHAA registration rules require that both the sire (father) and dam (mother) of a horse must be registered with one of the following: PHAA, Australian Quarter Horse Association, or Thoroughbred (Australian Stud Book), or a combination of these associations. The sire and dam must also be PHAA-approved for breeding, and failure to do so may result in penalty fees.
For horses foaled after July 31, 1979, both sire and dam must be registered in the PHAA Regular Registry, Breeding Stock Registry, AQHA, or ASB, or any combination of two of these associations. Similarly, for horses foaled after July 31, 1999, the sire and dam must be registered in the PHAA Regular, Paint Bred, or Paint Performance Registries, or with the AQHA or ASB, or any combination of two of these.
PHAA also reserves the right to accept any Paint, Paint Bred, or Paint Performance horse and record its transfer or lease into the registry when the breeding is proven to the association's satisfaction. Thoroughbred mares and stallions used for Paint Horse breeding must be registered in the Australian Stud Book records. Horses with the suffix "ntb" will not be accepted until verification of Thoroughbred-only bloodlines is received from the Keeper of the Australian Stud Book.
Additionally, ''A' numbered quarter horse stallions by a 'Q' numbered horse out of a foundation mare will only be accepted if the outcross is a stud book Thoroughbred. This rule also applies to appendix-registered quarter horse mares foaled after July 31, 1990, provided they meet the two-generation bloodline requirement.
While the American Appendix Horse Association (AAHA) allows breeding-stock Paints in their registry, the AQHA does not. The AAHA accepts Appendix horses with only one registered parent, provided they meet conformation requirements.
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The history of the Appendix Quarter Horse
The Appendix Quarter Horse is a first-generation crossbreed between a Thoroughbred and an American Quarter Horse. The Appendix registry was formed in 1949 when the American Quarter Racing and the National Quarter Horse Breeders associations merged to form the AQHA, or the American Quarter Horse Association. The registry was created as a catchall for horses previously registered with the two groups.
The Appendix registry was initially designed to identify horses that were crossbred with Quarter Horses but did not have full AQHA registration. Horses listed in the appendix could enter competitions, but their offspring were not eligible for full AQHA registration unless they met strict conformational criteria. When Appendix horses passed inspection for conformation, they would receive Tentative registration. Tentative stallions would receive Permanent registration when 12 of their offspring received Tentative status, and Tentative mares would become Permanent when three of their offspring received Tentative status.
In 1952, Arizona rancher Ernest Browning argued that the Appendix registry was undermining the breed's integrity. He proposed closing the stud book and limiting all new registrations to foals whose parents were already registered, which would have effectively stopped Thoroughbred outcrosses. In 1957, the Board of Directors reshaped an alternative plan that allowed outcrosses. In 1959, AQHA adopted a new registration system that combined Tentative and Permanent horses into a single registry. After January 1, 1962, all foals with registered parents would automatically receive a registration number without being inspected.
Today, the AQHA only recognizes crosses with particular breeds as Appendix Quarter Horses. To be registered with the AQHA, an Appendix Quarter Horse must have one registered Quarter Horse parent and one registered Thoroughbred parent. It is also acceptable for one parent to be an Appendix Quarter Horse and the other to be a Quarter Horse with a permanent registration number.
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The characteristics of the Appendix Quarter Horse
The Appendix Quarter Horse is a first-generation cross between a Thoroughbred and an American Quarter Horse. To be registered with the American Quarter Horse Association (AQHA), an Appendix Quarter Horse must have one registered Quarter Horse parent and one registered Thoroughbred parent. Alternatively, one parent can be an Appendix Quarter Horse, and the other can be a Quarter Horse with a permanent registration number.
The amount of Thoroughbred blood in an Appendix Quarter Horse can vary, and this is reflected in the physical characteristics of the horse. Those with a higher percentage of Thoroughbred blood tend to be taller, leaner, and more long-legged, while those with a higher percentage of Quarter Horse blood are shorter, stockier, and more muscular. The Appendix Quarter Horse combines the athleticism and stamina of the Thoroughbred with the agility and power of the Quarter Horse, making them versatile and well-suited to various equestrian disciplines, including racing, jumping, and western events.
The Appendix registry was created in 1949 when the American Quarter Racing and the National Quarter Horse Breeders associations merged to form the AQHA. It was intended to be a catch-all category for horses previously registered with these groups and to identify Quarter Horse-Thoroughbred crosses. Over time, concerns arose that the Appendix registry was undermining the breed's integrity, and the criteria for registration were refined. Today, the AQHA evaluates Appendix horses for registration based on the same characteristics preferred in purebred Quarter Horses.
The Appendix Quarter Horse can have a variety of coat colours, including sorrel, palomino, black, bay, grey, chestnut, dun, buckskin, and roan. The AQHA traditionally excluded horses with excessive white markings from registration but rescinded this rule in 2004. While the AQHA does not register Appendix horses with pinto coloration, other registries, such as the American Appendix Horse Association (AAHA), do accept these colour patterns as long as there is Thoroughbred blood in the lineage.
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Frequently asked questions
An Appendix Quarter Horse is a cross between a Thoroughbred or an Appendix Quarter Horse and an American Quarter Horse or an American Paint Horse or an Appendix Quarter Horse.
The Appendix Quarter Horse was created when the American Quarter Racing and the National Quarter Horse Breeders associations merged in 1949. The Appendix registry was intended to be a catchall for horses formerly registered with those groups.
To be registered with the AQHA, an Appendix Quarter Horse must have one registered Quarter Horse parent and one registered Thoroughbred parent. It is also acceptable for one parent to be an Appendix Quarter Horse and the other to be a Quarter Horse with a permanent registration number.
The Paint Horse Association registers horses based on phenotype, including Overo, Tobiano, Tobero, and Solid. Horses with additional coat patterns, such as Splashed White and Sabino, can be registered with proof of genetic testing. While the American Appendix Horse Association (AAHA) allows breeding-stock Paints in their registry, the AQHA does not.
