
Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect. He is regarded as one of the greatest painters of all time, with his works such as the Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, and Salvator Mundi, fetching record-breaking prices at auctions. While the number of paintings by Leonardo da Vinci is unclear, his influence on the art world is undeniable.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Number of universally attributed paintings | 8 |
| Number of widely attributed paintings | 10 |
| Total number of paintings | 18 |
| Number of paintings completed in 17 years in Milan | 6 |
| Number of paintings completed in first Milanese period | 2 |
| Most famous painting of the 1490s | The Last Supper |
| Most famous painting | Mona Lisa |
| Year of birth | 1452 |
| Year of death | 1519 |
| Number of living male relatives | 14 |
| Price of Salvator Mundi | $450.3 million |
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What You'll Learn

The Mona Lisa
A quick search reveals that Leonardo da Vinci, a renowned Italian polymath and artist, created a handful of paintings that have achieved iconic status. Among these is the incomparable "Mona Lisa," a portrait that has captivated and intrigued viewers for centuries.
"The Mona Lisa" is believed to have been painted between 1503 and 1506, and it is considered a masterpiece of Renaissance art. The painting depicts a woman, believed to be Lisa Gherardini, the wife of a Florentine merchant, seated in a relaxed yet dignified pose. One of the most striking features of the painting is the subject's enigmatic smile, which has been the subject of much analysis and interpretation over the years. The landscape background, which features a distant vista of water and mountains, adds to the sense of mystery and depth.
Da Vinci's use of sfumato, a technique that creates soft, subtle transitions between colours and tones, is exemplary in this work. This technique, combined with his masterful handling of light and shadow, gives the painting a three-dimensional quality and a sense of depth that was unprecedented at the time. The attention to detail is remarkable, from the delicate modelling of the subject's features to the intricate rendering of her clothing and the subtle reflections in her eyes.
The painting's fame and influence are undeniable. It has been the subject of countless studies, reproductions, and parodies, and it continues to be a source of inspiration for artists and creatives today. "The Mona Lisa" has also had a significant cultural impact, with its image appearing in films, literature, and popular culture, ensuring its place as one of the most recognisable and celebrated artworks in history.
The painting's fame has also led to some interesting developments, including its theft in 1911, which sparked a massive search operation and brought it even more attention. Today, "The Mona Lisa" resides at the Louvre Museum in Paris, where it is one of the most visited and celebrated attractions, drawing millions of visitors each year who come to witness the beauty and mystery of da Vinci's masterpiece.
In conclusion, "The Mona Lisa" stands as an unparalleled masterpiece in the history of art, showcasing da Vinci's extraordinary skill, innovation, and artistic vision. Its enduring appeal and influence continue to captivate audiences, ensuring its place as one of the world's most famous and beloved paintings.
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The Last Supper
Leonardo da Vinci is widely believed to have created around eight major artworks, including "The Last Supper", which is considered one of his most important paintings. The painting, created between 1494 and the beginning of 1498, is a mural that adorns an end wall of the refectory or dining hall of the Convent or monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, Italy. The painting depicts the Last Supper of Jesus with the Twelve Apostles, as told in the Gospel of John, specifically the moment after Jesus announces that one of his apostles will betray him.
The painting is considered a masterpiece due to its handling of space, mastery of perspective, treatment of motion, and complex display of human emotion. Leonardo's depiction of the scene also differs from traditional portrayals, adding to its uniqueness. The work is of such significance that, in 1980, it was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, with its influence extending beyond the development of an iconographic theme and into the destiny of painting.
The painting is Leonardo's largest work, measuring 460 cm by 880 cm (15 ft 1 in by 28 ft 10 in). Due to the methods used and various environmental factors, little of the original painting remains today, despite numerous restoration attempts, the last of which was completed in 1999.
Two early copies of "The Last Supper" are known to exist, presumed to be the work of Leonardo's assistants. These copies are almost the size of the original and are housed in the Royal Academy of Arts in London and the Church of St. Ambrogio in Ponte Capriasco, Switzerland, respectively. A third copy, painted by Andrea Solari around 1520, is on display in the Leonardo da Vinci Museum of the Tongerlo Abbey in Belgium.
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Salvator Mundi
Leonardo da Vinci is widely regarded as one of the most important figures of the Renaissance, celebrated as a painter, sculptor, architect, and engineer. He is best known for his paintings, including the Salvator Mundi, which became the most expensive work of art ever sold when it was auctioned at Christie's in New York in 2017 for $450.3 million.
The painting is dated c. 1499–1510, and its attribution to Leonardo da Vinci has been a subject of debate among art historians and scholars. While Christie's, which sold the work in 2017, stated that most leading scholars consider it an original work by Leonardo, other specialists have disputed this claim, with some proposing that he only contributed certain elements, and others believing that the extensive restoration prevents a definitive attribution. The art historian Luke Syson dates the painting to c. 1499, while Martin Kemp and Frank Zöllner date it to c. 1504–1510 and c. 1507 or later, respectively. Carlo Pedretti dates the painting to 1510–1515 based on the similarity in style and materials to the studies for The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne.
The provenance of the painting is obscure, as it disappeared from records between 1763 and 1900. This gap, along with the painting's condition, has led to speculation that it may be the work of one of Leonardo's pupils. The painting is believed to have been purchased by the crown prince of Saudi Arabia, Mohammed bin Salman, in 2017, and its whereabouts have remained unknown since.
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Lady with an Ermine
Leonardo da Vinci is renowned primarily as a painter. About eight major works are universally attributed to him, including the "Mona Lisa", "The Last Supper", and "The Virgin of the Rocks". In total, there are 220 artworks attributed to him.
One of Leonardo da Vinci's paintings is "Lady with an Ermine", which is one of only four surviving portraits of women painted by him. The painting is dated to c. 1489–1491, during Leonardo's first Milanese period, and is painted in oils on a panel of walnut wood. The subject of the painting is Cecilia Gallerani, the sixteen-year-old mistress of Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan. Gallerani was renowned for her beauty, scholarship, and poetry, and she was a member of a large family that was neither wealthy nor noble. The ermine in the painting is a common motif in representations of chastity in Renaissance Italy, and it may symbolize Cecilia's connection with Ludovico as well as her upcoming marriage to Count Lodovico Bergamino. The painting is now housed at the Czartoryski Museum in Kraków, Poland, and is one of Poland's national treasures.
The painting remained largely unknown to scholars until the 20th century, when it was acquired in Italy by Prince Adam George Czartoryski and incorporated into the Czartoryski family collections. The painting was eventually presented to Prince Adam's mother, Princess Izabela, who was creating the first museum in Poland, which became the National Museum in Krakow. The painting has been heavily overpainted, with the entire background darkened, the dress below the ermine retouched, and a transparent veil being worn by the woman repainted to match the colour of her hair.
"Lady with an Ermine" is considered one of the most important works in all of Western art, and it is a captivating image that reveals the artistic genius of Leonardo da Vinci's incomparable creative mind. In creating this painting, Leonardo surpassed the artistic traditions of his time, freeing the subject from the stiff profile that was customary, and instead capturing her as alive.
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The Virgin of the Rocks
Leonardo da Vinci is one of the most important and influential figures of the Renaissance, renowned primarily as a painter. He is also known for his work as a sculptor, architect, and engineer. He is best known for his paintings, most notably the Mona Lisa.
The Louvre Virgin of the Rocks is considered by most art historians to be the earlier of the two and dates from around 1483–1486. Most authorities agree that the work is entirely by Leonardo. It is about 8 cm (3 in) taller than the London version. The first certain record of this picture dates from 1625 when it was in the French royal collection. It is generally accepted that this painting was produced to fulfill a commission of 1483 in Milan. It is hypothesized that this painting was privately sold by Leonardo and that the London version was painted at a later date to fill the commission. There are a number of other theories to explain the existence of two paintings. This painting is regarded as a perfect example of Leonardo's "sfumato" technique.
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Frequently asked questions
Leonardo da Vinci painted around 220 artworks, including some of the world's most famous paintings. However, only about eight major works are universally attributed to him, including the "Mona Lisa", "The Last Supper", and "The Virgin of the Rocks".
Other famous paintings by Leonardo da Vinci include "Lady with an Ermine", "Salvator Mundi", and "The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne".
Leonardo da Vinci was a Renaissance polymath who revolutionized art and science with his masterpieces. He continually tested artistic traditions and techniques, creating innovative compositions and experimenting with methods of representing space and three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface. His inexhaustible curiosity resulted in many unfinished projects but also some of the most lifelike, complex, and tender representations of human nature.





























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