Leo Martínez
The American Psychological Association (APA) style is a widely used format for academic writing and citations. While APA does not have a written standard for images, this paragraph will outline the general guidelines for citing a painting in APA format. The basic format for citing a painting includes the artist's surname and first name, followed by the painting's title, creation year, museum or gallery name, and city. For example, Boucher, François. Virgin and Child with the Young Saint John the Baptist and Angels. 1765, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City. Additionally, when referencing another source within the text, it is essential to include an in-text citation, such as the author's last name and the year of publication.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Artist Name | Last Name, First Initial. |
| Date | Year of creation |
| Title of Work | Title of the painting |
| Medium | [medium] |
| Location of Artwork | Name of the Museum or Gallery, City of the museum or gallery |
| URL or DOI | If available |
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What You'll Learn
Artist's full name
The full name of the artist is an essential component of a painting citation in APA format. The artist's name should be listed with their surname followed by their first name/s and/or initials. For example:
> Goya, Francisco.
Or
> de Goya, F.
This is followed by the date of the artwork in parentheses:
> Goya, F. (1820-1823).
The next part of the citation is the title of the painting, in sentence case, followed by the medium of the artwork in square brackets:
> Goya, F. (1820-1823). Saturn Devouring One of his Sons [mural painting transferred to canvas].
The final part of the citation is the location of the artwork, including the city and country:
> Goya, F. (1820-1823). Saturn Devouring One of his Sons [mural painting transferred to canvas]. Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain.
If the painting has been viewed online, the URL should be included at the end of the citation.
It is important to note that there is no standard APA format for images, and different style guides may offer variations on the above format. Therefore, it is recommended to consult with your professor or editor before submitting your work.
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Title of artwork
To cite a painting in APA format, you'll need to follow a specific structure. While APA does not have a written standard for images, there are some general guidelines you can follow. Here are four paragraphs with detailed instructions on how to cite "Title of Artwork" using APA style:
Paragraph 1:
To cite "Title of Artwork," start with the artist's name. For example, let's say the artist is "Artist Surname." Follow the artist's name with a comma and then include their first name or initial. In this case, we'll use "A." So, the first part of your citation will look like this: "Artist Surname, A."
Paragraph 2:
The next part of the citation includes the year of creation. Place the year in parentheses. For our example, let's assume the artwork was created in 2022. Your citation so far: "Artist Surname, A. (2022)." Note that if the exact year is unknown, you can use "n.d." to indicate "no date."
Paragraph 3:
Now, include the title of the artwork. The title should be in sentence case, with only the first word and any proper nouns capitalized. Enclose the title in quotation marks. Our example artwork is titled "Title of Artwork," so the citation continues as: "Artist Surname, A. (2022). "Title of Artwork"."
Paragraph 5:
Finally, provide the location information. Start with the name of the museum or gallery where the artwork is housed. Then, include the city and state/country. Let's imagine "Title of Artwork" is located in the "City Art Gallery" in "Metropolis, State, Country." Your complete citation will appear as follows: "Artist Surname, A. (2022). "Title of Artwork." City Art Gallery, Metropolis, State, Country."
Remember, it's important to consult the APA Style guidelines or the Publication Manual of the APA for the most up-to-date and comprehensive instructions. The above example provides a basic structure for citing a painting titled "Title of Artwork" in APA format.
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Date of creation
When citing a painting in APA style, the date of creation is a crucial element that provides important contextual information. Here's a detailed guide on how to handle the date of creation when referencing a painting in APA format:
For paintings with a known date of creation, include the year as accurately as possible. If the exact year is known, provide just the year in numerals. For example, if a painting was created in 1889, the date would be indicated as "(1889)." If the month and day are also known, include them in your citation, like so: "(1889, May 20)." However, if the exact date is not specified, and you only have an approximate year or time period, use "ca." before the date to indicate that it's an approximation. For instance, "ca. 1889" or "ca. 1880s."
In some cases, a painting may have undergone significant alterations or have multiple versions, and the date of creation may be accompanied by additional information. If the painting has been altered or revised, include information about the original creation date as well as the date of alteration. For example, "(Original: 1889; Altered: 1901, March 15)." If there are multiple versions of the painting with different creation dates, you can indicate this as well: "(Version 1: 1889; Version 2: 1900)."
When dealing with a painting that has been reproduced or published in a different format, such as a print or photograph, the reproduction date may also be relevant. In such cases, include the date of reproduction or publication after the original date, separated by a slash. For example, if the original painting was created in 1889 and reproduced in a book in 2022, the citation would look like this: "(1889/2022)." This format helps to distinguish between the date of the original artwork and the date of its reproduction or publication.
Additionally, if the painting has been exhibited or displayed with a specific title or context that includes date information, include this in your citation. For example, if the painting was exhibited under the title "Summer Landscapes" in June 1890, your citation could include: "(Exhibited: June 1890, 'Summer Landscapes')." This provides clarity on the date context specific to that particular exhibition or display of the artwork.
In summary, when citing a painting in APA style, be as accurate as possible with the date of creation. Provide the exact date if known, or use approximations when necessary. Remember to include relevant information about alterations, multiple versions, reproductions, and exhibition contexts that may impact the dating of the artwork. By following these guidelines, you ensure that your APA citation for a painting includes comprehensive and clear date information.
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Name and location of museum
When citing a painting in APA style, it is important to include the name and location of the museum where the painting is held. The general format for citing a painting in a museum is as follows:
Artist's Last Name, Artist's First Name. (Year of creation). Title of Artwork. [Medium]. Museum Name, City, State/Country.
For example:
Goya, F. (1820-1823). Saturn Devouring One of his Sons. [mural painting transferred to canvas]. Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain.
In this example, "Museo del Prado" is the name of the museum, and "Madrid, Spain" indicates the location. Note that the medium of the artwork is included in brackets after the title, providing additional context for the work.
Leutze, E. (1851). Washington Crossing the Delaware. [oil on canvas]. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY.
In this case, the painting "Washington Crossing the Delaware" by Emmanuel Leutze is located in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, New York. The medium of the artwork, oil on canvas, is included in brackets after the title.
It is worth mentioning that if you viewed the painting in person but it is also available online, you should include the URL in your citation. However, if you are citing an entire art exhibition rather than a single painting, the format may vary slightly, starting with the artist's name followed by the exhibition name and dates, and then the museum name and location.
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URL or DOI
When citing a painting in APA style, you should include the URL or DOI at the end of the citation.
The general format for an APA citation of a painting is as follows:
- Artist's Last Name, Artist's First Name.
- Title of Artwork or description.
- Year of creation.
- Name of Museum or Gallery.
- City of the museum or gallery.
- Country of the museum or gallery.
- Title of Website.
- URL.
For example:
Leutze, E. Washington Crossing the Delaware. 1851. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY, United States. The Met. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/11417.
If the painting has been viewed in person, it is still necessary to include the URL of the museum or gallery website, if available.
If the painting is featured in a book or journal article, the citation should include the book or article details, followed by the URL or DOI. For example:
Hooper, W. W. (2014). Famine victims [Photograph]. In H. Fehrenback and D. Rodogno (Eds.), Humanitarian photography: A history (p. 41). Cambridge University Press. (Original work 1876-1877). https://www.cambridge.org/...
Or:
Carr, E. (2006). Scorned as timber, beloved of the ... Emily Carr Trust, Vancouver, BC, Canada. In S. R. Udall, Georgia O'Keeffe and Emily Carr: Health, nature and the creative process. Women's Art Journal, 27(1), 23. (Original work 1935).
It is important to note that APA does not have a written standard for image citations, so there may be variations in different style guides. It is recommended to consult with your professor or editor before submitting your work.
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Frequently asked questions
The format for citing a painting in APA style is as follows:
Artist Surname, First Name. Title of the painting. Year of creation, Name of the Museum or Gallery, City of the museum or gallery.
For example:
Boucher, François. Virgin and Child with the Young Saint John the Baptist and Angels. 1765, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City.
If you saw the painting in person, follow the same format as for online paintings but end the citation after the city and country information of the museum. However, if the painting is available online, include the URL.
APA does not have a written standard for images, so there may be differences depending on the style guide you are using. You should consult your professor or editor. However, a suggested format for citing a figure or image is:
Fig. #. Artist Name. (date). Title of work. [medium]. Location of artwork. city, state/country.
When directly quoting a source, introduce the quote with an in-text citation in parentheses. Any sentence punctuation goes after the closing parenthesis. For example:
According to Brown (2019), "Direct quote" (p. 1021).
