Leo Martínez
It is possible to put varnish on top of gloss paint, but it requires careful consideration and preparation to ensure a successful outcome. The type of gloss paint used, such as acrylic or oil-based, will determine the compatibility and curing time for the varnish. Traditional oil-based yacht varnishes are generally compatible with gloss finishes but tend to yellow over time and have longer curing periods. Polyurethane varnishes cure quicker, but their reaction with oil-based gloss finishes is uncertain. Water-based varnishes are a safer option but may not be readily available in certain regions like the UK, where the climate may affect their performance. Before applying varnish, it is essential to prepare the surface by sanding or using wire wool, enhancing the adhesion of the varnish. Additionally, the application method, such as spraying or brushing, and the number of coats, will influence the overall appearance and durability of the finish.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Possibility | Yes, it is possible to put varnish on top of gloss paint. |
| Application | Varnish can be applied using a brush or spray. Spray application is easier to make even and is recommended for impasto surfaces or fragile paint films. |
| Number of Coats | Multiple coats of varnish can be applied for maximum protection. When applying a satin or matte varnish, no more than two coats should be applied. |
| Compatibility | Varnish may not be compatible with conventional gloss paint. Water-based varnishes are the safest option, but they may not be suitable for all climates. |
| Appearance | Varnish can affect the appearance of gloss paint, making it cloudy or yellowed. |
| Surface Preparation | The surface should be clean and free of dust and lint to avoid unevenness. Sanding or using wire wool before applying varnish can improve adhesion. |
| Drying Time | Some varnishes, such as oil-based yacht varnish, can take a long time to fully cure and harden. |
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What You'll Learn
Varnishing over paintwork: the pros and cons
Varnishing over paintwork can be a great way to add extra protection and durability to your surface. However, there are some important things to consider before proceeding.
Firstly, it's essential to determine the type of paint you have used. Is it an oil-based or water-based paint? This is crucial because the varnish you choose needs to be compatible with the paint type. For example, traditional oil-based yacht varnish should work well with most gloss finishes, but it will take a long time to cure and may yellow over time. On the other hand, water-based varnishes are quick-drying and considered safer, but they may not be readily available in all regions.
Another consideration is the surface's absorbency. If you are working with a non-absorbent surface, such as a uniform paint layer, one coat of brush-applied varnish or two coats of spray-applied varnish are recommended. However, for highly absorbent surfaces, you may need to apply additional isolation coats to achieve a satin sheen and prevent a cloudy appearance. This is especially important when using a matte varnish.
Additionally, it's worth noting that while you can apply a matte varnish over gloss, it may require more coats, and the process can highlight dust, lint, and unevenness on the surface. A better approach may be to start with a satin or semi-gloss varnish and then move to a matte varnish if needed. This will help you avoid using too many matte coats, which can turn the surface cloudy.
Before proceeding with any varnish, it is always recommended to test it on a small area first to ensure there are no compatibility issues or adverse reactions with the paint. This is often referred to as a "test area" or "trial and error."
In conclusion, varnishing over paintwork can provide added protection and a desired finish, but it requires careful consideration of the paint type, surface absorbency, and potential drawbacks, such as yellowing or cloudiness. Always follow best practices for application, including proper thinning and mixing of the varnish for an even finish.
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Different types of varnish
Yes, you can put varnish on top of gloss paint. However, the original finish of gloss paint is smooth, which presents little for the clear coat of varnish to bond onto. This can result in the delamination of the varnish, which will peel away over time. The type of varnish used will determine the final sheen of a painting, elevating pigments and tones.
There are many different types of varnish available, each with its own benefits and drawbacks. The kind of material/wood being varnished will also affect the type of varnish used. Here are some of the different types of varnish:
Oil-based varnish
One of the most common types of varnish, oil-based varnishes are made from a mixture of oil and resin, which gives them their durability and water-resistant properties. They cure through an exothermic reaction between the polyunsaturated portion of the oil and oxygen from the air. Linseed oil, tung oil, and walnut oil are examples of drying oils used in this type of varnish.
Resin varnish
Resin varnishes are made entirely of resin dissolved in suitable solvents, such as ethanol (alcohol) or turpentine. They have a very rapid cure rate compared to oils and cure as soon as the solvent has fully evaporated. Natural resins used for varnish include amber, kauri gum, dammar, copal, rosin, sandarac, and balsam. Synthetic resins such as acrylic, alkyd, polyurethane, and phenolic resin are also used in varnishes.
Acrylic varnish
Acrylic varnishes provide a glossy, saturated finish suitable for acrylic paintings to enforce a shiny finish and enhance brighter colours. They act as a protective, flexible, dust-resistant, and UV-resistant surface over acrylic paint.
Matte varnish
Matte varnishes are made from linseed oil, giving them a dull appearance. They can be used on any wood and are often used to make furniture look natural. They have less shine than other varnishes and are easier to clean if something spills on them.
Satin varnish
Satin varnish is a good option for wood with an intricate grain pattern, as it helps to highlight the beauty of the wood. It is also suitable for wood exposed to high wear and tear levels.
Yacht varnish
Yacht varnish is a type of varnish that is suitable for outdoor use and can protect wood from sun damage.
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Varnish application guidelines
While it is possible to apply varnish on top of gloss paint, it is not always recommended. Varnish may not adhere well to a smooth surface, and it can eventually peel away. If you are set on varnishing a surface with gloss paint, it is recommended that you sand down the paint with fine sandpaper or wire wool first.
If you are using a ready-made varnish, you can remove the guesswork of dissolving resins and balancing solvents. Each varnish is formulated with a specific resin-solvent balance to serve a defined purpose. You can also use an isolation coat prior to varnishing to protect the paint surface and support subsequent re-varnishing. This is a permanent, non-removable coating that separates the paint surface from the removable varnish.
Prior to use, it is important to experiment with varnishes on test pieces to understand how they perform and how they alter the surface appearance of paintings. For best results, apply to a test piece that is similar in composition to the artwork to be varnished. All materials should acclimate in the workspace for at least 24 hours before application. Maintain a stable workspace at 65–75°F (18–24°C) and relative humidity below 50%. Avoid drafts, as they can cause airborne particles and uneven drying, which can affect the finish quality.
If maximum protection is required, apply multiple coats of varnish. This is especially important when protecting colourants that are not inherently lightfast. If a spray application is desired, a 2:1 mixture of varnish to Transparent Airbrush Extender can be applied with an airbrush, touch-up spray unit, or commercial spray equipment. For brush application, the appropriate isolating medium can be made by diluting Soft Gel Gloss with water (2 parts by volume Soft Gel Gloss to 1 part water).
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Gloss paint: the finish
Gloss paint is a type of paint that has a shiny, reflective finish. It is often used on surfaces that require a durable and long-lasting finish, such as woodwork, metal, and other types of hard surfaces. While gloss paint can provide a beautiful and sleek appearance, it may require additional protection to ensure its longevity. This is where varnish comes into play.
Varnish is a clear coat that can be applied over paint to provide a protective layer. It is available in various finishes, including gloss, satin, and matte. The type of varnish selected depends on the desired level of shine and protection required. When applying varnish over gloss paint, it is essential to consider the compatibility of the two products.
Some sources suggest that varnishing over gloss paint can be challenging due to potential adhesion issues. The smooth finish of gloss paint may not provide enough texture for the varnish to properly adhere, which can lead to delamination over time. This is a common issue observed in old houses, where the varnish eventually peels away from the underlying paint. To mitigate this, some recommend sanding the gloss paint before applying varnish to create a better bond. However, this can alter the appearance of the gloss paint, requiring a trade-off between protection and aesthetics.
There are several types of varnishes available, each with its own advantages and considerations. Traditional oil-based yacht varnish is compatible with most gloss finishes but tends to yellow over time and has a lengthy curing process. Polyurethane varnishes cure quicker, but their reaction with oil-based gloss finishes is uncertain. Water-based varnishes, on the other hand, are quick-drying and considered the safest option for domestic use. However, they may not be readily available in certain regions, such as the UK, where the climate may not be suitable for their optimal performance.
When applying varnish, it is essential to follow the appropriate techniques for a smooth and even finish. For brush application, the varnish should be diluted with a suitable solvent, such as water, and mixed thoroughly to avoid foam bubbles. Spray application, on the other hand, typically requires fewer coats and can result in a more even finish, especially for absorbent surfaces. It is recommended to apply the varnish in straight passes, slightly overlapping each spray pattern, and turning the piece 90 degrees between coats for a more uniform finish.
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The best varnish for a durable finish
Yes, you can put varnish on top of gloss paint, but it may not adhere properly, eventually peeling away. The smoother the original finish, the less there is for the clear coat to bond onto. In addition, oil-based paints tend to "cure" to final hardness slowly, so any varnish you put on top may craze after a few years.
If you want to add a protective coat to your gloss paint, it is recommended to wait at least two weeks and then apply a coat of eggshell acrylic varnish. This will improve the scuff-resistance of the surface. You can also sand down the gloss paint with fine sandpaper or wire wool before applying the varnish.
When it comes to choosing the best varnish for a durable finish, there are several types to consider:
- Water-based varnish is made from a resin and water mixture. It dries quickly, is low odour, and does not yellow over time like oil-based varnish. However, it is not as durable or water-resistant, so it is better suited for indoor furniture or projects with a clear finish.
- Oil-based varnish is one of the most common types of varnish and is known for its durability and water-resistant properties. It is made from a mixture of oil and resin, giving it a rich, deep finish. However, it has a longer drying time and higher VOCs, so it requires good ventilation during application.
- Polyurethane varnish is a synthetic varnish that offers both durability and clarity. It dries quickly, resists yellowing, and protects against moisture and wear. It is more expensive than other types of varnish but is a good choice for projects requiring a clear, durable finish.
- Satin varnish is a good option for wood exposed to high wear and tear, as it provides scratch and stain resistance. It is also suitable for wood with an intricate grain pattern, as it highlights the beauty of the wood.
When applying varnish, it is important to follow the manufacturer's recommendations for curing times, which can vary from a few days to a week. Proper application ensures a visually appealing and protective finish that extends the life of your project. It is also recommended to apply varnish in several layers using a natural-bristle brush for optimal results.
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Frequently asked questions
Yes, you can put varnish on top of gloss paint, but it may not be the best option for a domestic situation.
Traditional oil-based yacht varnish is compatible with most gloss finishes but will yellow over time and can take a while to cure. Polyurethane varnishes cure quicker, but it is unclear if they react badly with oil-based gloss. Water-based varnishes are quick-drying and theoretically the safest option.
Spray application is the best way to achieve an even coating of varnish. For brush application, dilute 2 parts varnish to 1 part diluent.
Sanding the gloss will help the varnish bind better, but it will also remove the gloss appearance.
Yes, but the more coats you put on, the easier it is to see dust and lint. Start with a gloss varnish to build up the layers, then finish with a coat or two of the matte finish.
