Leo Martínez
UV unwrapping is a divisive aspect of 3D modelling, with some loving it and others not so much. However, Substance 3D Painter offers a range of UV features that can help speed up the texturing process and add incredible detail to your 3D models. These include UV projection, automatic UV unwrapping, and UV reprojection. While UV reprojection issues can occur when changing the units of your 3D mesh, Substance Painter's UV features can help streamline your workflow and enhance the quality of your 3D models.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| UV Projection | Uses a 2D manipulator that works in the 2D texture space |
| UV Reprojection | An automatic process that occurs when the texture resolution changes or a new mesh is imported |
| UV unwrapping | A divisive aspect of 3D modelling, but Substance Painter offers an Auto UVs feature that can save time |
| UV transformation settings | Controls the texture/material within the projection |
| UV mapping | Changes when exporting to Substance Painter; Painter can only read one UV-set |
| UV islands | Can be automatically generated when importing a 3D model |
| UV chunk fill | Allows you to select specific UV islands to be affected by a layer |
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What You'll Learn
UV unwrapping
Another source recommends using the Subdivision Modifier when unwrapping to avoid stretching. They also recommend using an ID map for masking to make a project reprojection-proof. This is because UV reprojection may not work if the units of a 3D mesh are changed, and it can be difficult to fix. Painter only supports one UV set, so if a model has multiple UV sets, they must be exported individually. Other issues that can occur when exporting to Substance Painter include hard edges caused by leftover shape nodes from cloth simulations and tightly packed UVs that should be spaced out. UV reprojection is an automatic process that occurs when the texture resolution is changed or a new mesh is imported.
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UV Projection
However, it is important to note that UV Projection has some limitations. For example, changing the units of a 3D mesh can lead to UV reprojection not working properly. This is because the old and new meshes can be interpreted as having vastly different scales, even if the topology has not changed. To avoid this issue, it is recommended to not change the unit setup, as it can be challenging to fix.
Another challenge with UV Projection arises when the UV of the mesh changes dramatically after a reimport. In such cases, there is no way to properly reproject the strokes made in the 2D view, as Substance 3D Painter saves its data in 3D world space. To make a project reprojection proof, it is recommended to rely on masking by an ID map and other types of selection and painting in the 3D View.
Additionally, when importing a mesh, Substance 3D Painter computes its bounding box to register the space and define a relative scale for tools like the paintbrush. This bounding box is one unit wide on every axis. When importing a new mesh, unchecking the "preserve stroke" option will renormalize the bounding box to the new mesh.
Overall, UV Projection in Substance 3D Painter offers a powerful tool for adding detail to 3D models, but users should be mindful of potential issues related to mesh changes and unit setups to ensure optimal results.
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UV Reprojection
However, it is important to note that UV Reprojection has limitations. Every stroke made in the 2D view is performed in the UV space. Therefore, if the UV of the mesh changes dramatically after a reimport, there is no way to properly reproject it. To make your project reprojection-proof, it is recommended to rely on masking by an ID map and other types of selection and painting in the 3D View.
Additionally, changing the units of your 3D mesh can lead to UV reprojection issues. Even if the topology remains the same, the old and new meshes can be interpreted as having different scales. To avoid this problem, it is advisable not to change the unit setup, as fixing it can be challenging.
When importing a mesh into Substance 3D Painter, it computes a bounding box to define a relative scale for tools such as the paintbrush and particles. This bounding box is 1 unit wide on each axis. If the "preserve stroke" option is unchecked, the bounding box is re-normalized to the new mesh, and the strokes can move. However, if "preserve strokes" is checked, the original bounding box is scaled to the new one, ensuring proper reprojection of brush strokes.
To summarise, UV Reprojection in Substance 3D Painter is an automatic process triggered by changes in texture resolution or the import of a new mesh. While it offers benefits, it is essential to be aware of potential issues and take precautions, such as avoiding unit changes and utilising masking techniques, to ensure successful UV reprojection.
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UV transformation settings
While it is not possible to rotate UVs, you can rotate textures in Substance Painter. You can duplicate the layer, clear the black mask, and use the poly tool to select the poly. Make sure it is set to tri-planar projection, and you should be able to move, rotate, and scale the polys you have selected. You can use the manipulator or the sliders in the properties panel.
UV Reprojection is an automatic process that occurs when you change the texture resolution or import a new mesh. If you load a new mesh into your document, all your actions will be reprojected onto that new mesh. However, changing the units of your 3D mesh can lead to UV reprojection not working, as the old and new mesh can be interpreted as vastly different scales, even though the topology has not changed. Therefore, it is recommended to avoid changing the unit setup.
To change a specific area of your UV, you can add a mask to that layer. With the mask selected, press "4" and choose UV Chunk Fill in Properties>Fill Mode. Then, single-click the UV islands you want to be affected by that layer. Now, only the selected UVs will have the HSL values.
Since every stroke made in the 2D view is performed in the UV space, there is no way to reproject it properly if the UV of the mesh changes dramatically after a reimport. To make your project reprojection-proof, rely on masking by an ID map and other types of selection and painting instead of the 3D View. Substance 3D Painter saves its data in 3D in world space to keep everything non-destructive.
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Multiple UV-sets when exporting to Substance Painter
When exporting to Substance Painter, it is important to note that multiple UV-sets cannot be read by the software. Substance Painter can only read one UV-set. This means that if you have multiple UV-sets in your 3D modelling software, such as Maya or Blender, you will need to either consolidate them into a single UV-set or export each set individually before importing them into Substance Painter.
If you are experiencing issues with UV mapping when exporting to Substance Painter, it may be due to overlapping UVs or polygons crossing UV tile boundaries. It is important to ensure that your UVs are properly laid out and do not extend beyond the typical UV tile. This can cause problems when baking maps in Substance Painter. One way to address this issue is to use the newer workflow for multiple UV sets in Houdini, which allows for the import of geo with multiple UV sets as multiple vector attributes.
Additionally, when working with multiple UV sets, it is recommended to keep the UVs inside 0,1 for all parts and avoid using UDIMs during import. If you want to import your model as UDIMs, it is advisable to keep the model as a single object rather than separating it into multiple parts. This will ensure that the UV island positions correctly recognize and differentiate the various parts of the model.
It is worth noting that changing the units of your 3D mesh or dramatically altering the UVs of your mesh after reimporting can lead to issues with UV reprojection. To avoid this, it is recommended to rely on masking by an ID map and other types of selection and painting tools instead of the 3D View. Substance Painter saves its data in 3D world space to maintain a non-destructive workflow.
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